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Glossary: P
Parent or partner has a history of mental illness
A mother, father or parenting partner has a history of depression, anxiety or other mental illness.
Particulate Matter
Small airborne solid particles are referred to as fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and may contain harmful aerosols, combustion particles and metal vapours. These particles, measuring less than 2.5 μg in diameter, can penetrate deep into the lungs and damage tissues through chronic inflammation.
Peer Groups
The grouping of Ontario public health units with socio-economic characteristics similar to those of Middlesex-London. It includes Brant County, City of Hamilton, Niagara, Windsor-Essex County and Middlesex-London. It is based on the 2015 Statistics Canada Peer Group A that includes health regions from across Canada that are characterized by having population centres with high population density and a rural mix.1
1. Statistics Canada. Health Region (2014) Peer Groups – Working Paper [Internet]. Ottawa, ON: 2014 [cited 2018 Nov 9]. Available from: https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/82-402-x/2015002/wp-dt/wp-dt-eng.htm
Per 100,000 Population
A rate which is provided per 100,000 population means that the value of the rate represents the number of events which would occur for every 100,000 people in a specified population.
Perceived Health
This concept indicates the respondent's health status based on his or her own judgement. It comes from a survey question asked in the Canadian Community Health Survey of the whole non-institutionalized population aged 12 or older.
Percent of children vulnerable in a domain
The percent of children who scored below the 10th percentile cut-off of the Ontario Baseline population in a particular domain of the Early Development Instrument (EDI). It indicates the percent of children who are struggling in a particular domain compared to the Ontario Baseline data.1
1. Offord Centre for Child Studies. EDI in Ontario over Time [Internet]. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University, 2018 [cited 2019 Mar 26]. Available from: https://edi.offordcentre.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/EDI-in-Ontari...
Percent of children with multiple challenges
The percent of children with scores below expectations on nine or more of the 16 subdomains of the Early Development Instrument (EDI).1
1. Offord Centre for Child Studies. EDI in Ontario over Time [Internet]. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University, 2018 [cited 2019 Mar 26]. Available from: https://edi.offordcentre.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/EDI-in-Ontari...
Perinatal Conditions
Conditions which originate in the perinatal period, i.e. the period immediately before, during and after birth. This may include the following:
- Fetus and newborn affected by maternal factors and by complications of pregnancy, labour and delivery
- Disorders related to length of gestation and fetal growth
- Birth trauma
- Respiratory and cardiovascular disorders specific to the perinatal period
- Infections specific to the perinatal period
- Haemorrhagic and haematological disorders of fetus and newborn
- Transitory endocrine and metabolic disorders specific to fetus and newborn
- Digestive system disorders of fetus and newborn
- Conditions involving the integument and temperature regulation of fetus and newborn
Physical Health & Well-being domain
Assesses children’s physical readiness for the school day, their physical independence, and their gross and fine motor skills.1
1.Offord Centre for Child Studies. EDI in Ontario over Time [Internet]. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University, 2018 [cited 2019 Mar 26]. Available from: https://edi.offordcentre.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/EDI-in-Ontari...
Population Centre
Population centre has replaced the term urban area formerly used by Statistics Canada. It is an area with a population of at least 1,000 and a density of 400 or more people per square kilometre. All areas outside population centres continue to be defined as rural areas.
Small population centres have a population of between 1,000 and 29,999; medium population centres, 30,000 and 99,999; and large urban population centres, 100,000 and over. The area of the population centre is not necessarily the same geographic area described by the city or municipal boundaries as it includes the more densely populated areas adjacent the population cores that meet the 2016 revised set of criteria and threshold levels.1
1. Statistics Canada. Population Centre and Rural Area Classification 2016 [Internet]. Ottawa. Ministry of Industry; 2017 Feb 8. Available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/subjects/standard/pcrac/2016/introduction
Population Density
Number of people per square kilometre. Calculated by dividing the total population by land area.
Population Growth
The population percentage change between two time periods or the ratio of the difference between the population at the end of the period and the population at the beginning of the period relative to the population at the beginning of the period.
Positive pool
A positive pool is a mosquito pool that has tested positive for West Nile virus.
Potential years of life lost
The sum of the total years of life lost relative to age 75. PYLL is calculated by adding together, for all deaths, the number of years remaining until age 75, and then dividing this by the population under the age of 75 years.
Potential Years of Life Lost (PYLL)
The sum of the total years of life lost relative to age 75. PYLL is calculated by adding together, for all deaths, the number of years remaining until age 75, and then dividing by the population under the age of 75 years.
Pregnancy Rate
The number of in-hospital deliveries of live births and stillbirths, plus the number of therapeutic abortions, among females aged 15-49 years per 1,000 females aged 15-49.
Preterm Birth Rate
Number of live births delivered before 37 completed weeks of gestation per 100 live births.
Prevalence Rate
The total number of cases of an event in the population that exist for a certain period or point in time
Preventable Mortality
refers to deaths from causes that can be potentially avoided by preventing a disease from developing. This includes deaths from conditions linked to modifiable risk factors, such smoking or excessive alcohol consumption (e.g., lung cancer, liver cirrhosis), and deaths linked to effective public health interventions (e.g., vaccinations, traffic safety legislation).
Publicly Funded Immunization Schedules for Ontario
The Publicly Funded Immunization Schedules for Ontario is maintained by the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. It outlines a variety of vaccines that are to be offered to all eligible Ontarians at no charge, and articulates the appropriate age and time intervals at which to receive each vaccine. The Publicly Funded Immunization Schedules for Ontario is used to assess whether a student is appropriately immunized for the purposes of the ISPA.